Difference Between a Grand Jury and a Trial Jury
Introduction
Juries play a vital role in the justice system, providing a fair and impartial review of evidence in both criminal and civil cases. However, there are two distinct types of juries: grand juries and trial juries (also known as petit juries). Understanding the differences between these two types of juries is crucial to comprehending their respective functions and the legal process.
Grand Jury
A grand jury is a legal body composed of laypeople (ordinary citizens) that determines whether there is sufficient evidence to indict an individual for a crime. Grand jury proceedings are private and confidential, allowing prosecutors to present their case without public scrutiny. The grand jury weighs the evidence and decides if there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and that the accused person should stand trial.
Trial Jury (Petit Jury)
A trial jury is responsible for determining guilt or innocence in a criminal case or deciding the outcome of a civil lawsuit. Unlike grand juries, trial juries are open to the public and are subject to rigorous screening processes to ensure impartiality. During a trial, the jury hears evidence from both the prosecution and the defense and deliberates to reach a verdict.
Key Differences
- Purpose: Grand juries determine if there is enough evidence for an indictment, while trial juries decide guilt or innocence.
- Confidentiality: Grand jury proceedings are private, while trial juries are open to the public.
- Evidence: Grand juries receive evidence from the prosecutor only, while trial juries consider evidence from both sides.
- Screening: Grand jurors are not screened for bias, while trial jurors undergo rigorous screening.
- Terms: Grand jurors serve for extended periods (typically 18 months), while trial jurors typically serve for shorter periods (weeks or months).
Conclusion
Grand juries and trial juries play different but equally important roles in the justice system. Grand juries provide a check on prosecutorial discretion and ensure that individuals are not charged without sufficient evidence. Trial juries protect the rights of the accused and ensure that they receive a fair and impartial trial.
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